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Study of hydrodynamic regularities in a layer of wet solid municipal waste during its dehydration

O.B. Kolibaba, M.V. Kozlova, A.B. Garyaev, Yu.V. Morozov

Vestnik IGEU, 2025 issue 1, pp. 23—29

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Abstract in English: 

Background. Thermal destruction is one of the effective methods of treatment of municipal solid waste (MSW) is. Various installations are used for thermal processing, including shaft furnaces, which are distinguished by high reliability and simplicity of design. The waste being processed moves in the furnace body under the action of gravity, passing through drying and pyrolysis zones and undergoing continuous heat treatment. In the drying zone, the MSW layer is heated and dehydrated due to heat exchange with the gas flow from the underlying pyrolysis zone. A disadvantage of shaft furnaces is poor gas permeability of the layer in the drying zone, caused by the stickiness of the raw materials. It leads to uneven passage of the gas flow through the porous layer. Therefore, flow fluid dynamics of the layer should be organized in such a way as to take this feature into account. In this regard, it is relevant to study the hydraulic resistance of the MSW layer, which is influenced by a number of factors, such as the structure and humidity of the layer, as well as the speed of the drying agent.

Materials and methods. Computational and experimental research methods have been used to study hydrodynamic regularities in the layer of wet MSW during their dehydration.

Results. The authors have established the dependences on the coefficient of hydraulic resistance on the raw material moisture content and the filtration rate of the drying agent based on the results of experimental studies of the hydrodynamics of a layer of wet MSW during its drying. A formula has been proposed to calculate the pressure drop in a layer of waste considering the porosity of the MSW layer. It has been experimentally established that the coefficient of hydraulic resistance decreases unevenly with decreasing humidity during the drying process. In the zone of high humidity (40–89 %) a slight decrease in resistance is observed, the nature of the dependence is close to linear. Then the resistance drops sharply, the nonlinearity of the dependence increases.

Conclusions. The results obtained can be used to select the operating modes of shaft furnaces for thermal processing of MSW.

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Key words in Russian: 
твердые коммунальные отхода, термическая переработка, шахтная печь, обезвоживание, гидравлическое сопротивление, порозность, влажность
Key words in English: 
municipal solid waste, thermal processing, shaft furnace, dehydration, hydraulic resistance, porosity, humidity
The DOI index: 
10.17588/2072-2672.2025.1.023-029
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