Русская версия English version
Home / 2018 issue 6 / Low-voltage arc resistance for calculating short circuits in the extended current range

Low-voltage arc resistance for calculating short circuits in the extended current range

Yu.P. Gusev, E.V. Shelkovoy

Vestnik IGEU, 2018 issue 6, pp. 38—47

Download PDF

Abstract in English: 

Background. Transformer power growth in AC low-voltage electrical installations and the need to ensure quick disconnection of remote arcing short circuits require higher accuracy of calculating electric arc resistance in the region of high and low currents. Studies of the existing method show that the range of currents it can be applied to is limited to the values from 0,65 kA to 42 kA, which does not always correspond to the parameters of electrical installations for which the calculation is made. Experts also note the need to exclude the arc length from the calculation and to take into account the ratio of the circuit resistance inductive and active components when calculating the current reduction factor. Experimental studies of arcing short circuits conducted abroad contain data for the range from 20 A to 150 kA for arc burning in various conditions, which makes it possible to increase the accuracy of calculating arc resistance in the region of small and large currents and to improve the existing methods.

Materials and methods. We used the results of experimental studies of arcing short circuits in the range from 20 A to 105 kA for arc burning in different conditions. The experimental data were processed by methods of factor and regression analyzes.

Results. We have developed a method for calculating electric arc resistance, which allows calculations in the range of stable arcing short circuits from 80 A to 50 kA without taking into account the arc length, and also calculation of the current reduction coefficient taking into account the ratio of circuit resistance inductive and active components. The results of applying the proposed method have shown satisfactory agreement with the available experimental data and existing methods in the range of currents determined for them.

Conclusions. The application of the developed method will allow improving the design quality of low-voltage electrical installations with over 2500 kVA transformers and ensuring the instantaneous disconnection of remote arcing short circuits with an electromagnetic release of circuit breakers.

References in English: 
  1. Gusev, Yu.P, Gusev, O. Yu., Shelkovoy, E.V. Analiz metodov rascheta dugovykh korotkikh zamykaniy v ehlektroustanovkakh peremennogo toka napryazheniem do 1000 V [Analysis of methods for calculating arcing short circuits in a.c. electric installations with the voltage of up to 1000 V]. Energoekspert, 2016, no. 3, pp. 44–48.
  2. Shisha, M.A. Uchet vliyaniya elektricheskoy dugi na tok KZ v setyakh napryazheniem do 1 kV peremennogo i postoyannogo toka [Accounting for the influence of an electric arc on short-circuit current in ac and dc networks with the voltage of up to 1 kV]. Elektricheskie stantsii, 1996, no. 11, pp. 49–55.
  3. Fisher, L.E.  Resistance of Low-Voltage АС Arcs. IEE Transaction of Industry and General Application, 1970, vol. IGA-6N6, pp. 606–616.
  4. Gusev, Yu.P., Cho, G.Ch. Razrabotka normativno-tekhnicheskoy bazy proektirovaniya i ekspluatatsii sistem sobstvennykh nuzhd elektrostantsiy i podstantsiy novogo pokoleniya [Development of the regulatory and technical base for designing and operating auxiliary systems of power stations and substations of the new generation]. Trudy vserossiyskoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii «Energo-2010» [Works of the All-Russian scientific and practical conference «Energy 2010»]. Moscow, 2010, issue 2, pp. 19–22.
  5. Wilkins, R., Allison, M., Lang, M.  Improved method for arc hazard analysis. IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference, 2004, pp. 55–62.
  6. Stokes, A.D., Oppenlander, W.T. Electric Arcs in Open Air. Phys. D Appl. Phys., 1991, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 26–35.
  7. Schau, H., Halinka, A., Winkler, W.  Elektrische schutzeinrichtungen in Industrienetzen und anlangen. Hüthing & Pflaum Verlag GmbH & Co, Fachliteratur KG, München/Heidelberg, 2008.
  8. Gaudreau, А., Koch, B. Evaluation of  LV and MV arc parameters. IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, 2008, vol. 23, pp. 487–492.
  9. Ignatko, V.P. Electric characteristics of AC open heavy-current arcs. 3rd International Symposium on Switching Arc Phenomena, TU Lodz, Poland, 1977, pp. 98–102.
  10. Poukert, J. The arc voltage and the resistance of LV fault arcs. 7th International Symposium on Switching Arc Phenomena, TU Lodz, Poland, 1993, pp. 49–51.
  11. Usikhin, V.N. Ob otsenke soprotivleniya elektricheskoy dugi pri raschetakh korotkogo zamykaniya v setyakh napryazheniem do 1000 V [On the evaluation of electric arc resistance in calculations of short circuits in networks of up to 1000 V].  Elektricheskie stantsii, 1994, no. 7, pp. 55–57.
  12. Gusev, Yu.P., Shelkovoy, E.V. Modelirovanie dugovykh korotkikh zamykaniy v elektroustanovkakh napryazheniem do 1000 V [Modeling of arcing short circuits in the electrical AC network of up to 1000 V]. Elektrichestvo, 2016, no. 10, pp. 22–28.
  13. Stanback, H.I. Predicting Damage from 277 Volt Single Phase to Ground Arcing Faults. IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., 1977, IA-13, no. 4, pp. 307–314.
  14. Matthews, J., Gammon, T. The Application of a Current-Dependent Arc Model to Arcing at a Main Distribution Panel, a Sub-Panel and a Branch Circuit.  IEEE Proc. Southeast Conf., 2001, pp. 72–78.
Key words in Russian: 
сопротивление электрической дуги, короткое замыкание, вольт-амперная характеристика электрической дуги, низковольтная электроустановка
Key words in English: 
electric arc resistance, short circuit, current-voltage characteristic of electric arc, low-voltage electric installations
The DOI index: 
10.17588/2072-2672.2018.6.038-047
Downloads count: 
50